# Help

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Enter the common and Latin names of the species you expect to find in your photos, and assign keyboard shortcuts if desired.


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You can edit the species list at any time through the switchboard form, or add species one at a time through the PhotoID form.


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Shortcuts are used when identifying the species present in photos through the PhotoID form.


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You can use any letter other than Z as a keyboard shortcut, but you can't assign the same shortcut letter to more than one species.


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Enter each species present in the photo in a separate line in the subform.


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If the species you need to enter doesn't appear in the dropdown list, you can add it by typing the common name into the species box and pressing enter.


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Use keyboard shortcuts speed up the photo ID process.  To see a list of shortcuts or add a new one, click the link below the previous/next buttons.  Don't forget about the 'z' key.


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Use the fields at the top of the form to filter by location or season, or to hide photos that have already had ID's assigned.


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Use the highlight checkbox to keep track of particularly interesting photos - you can query them out later using the PhotoViewer form.  You can also click or click and drag within the photo to tag a particular area.


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Photos that match your filter settings appear on the left - click a photo to bring it up on the main form or use the up and down arrows to scroll through the photos.


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The 'copy' and 'delete' buttons apply to all the photos loaded on the left side of the form, not just the photo displayed at center.


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The 'view query results' button will open a spreadsheet-like view of all the data for the photos that match your filters, with one row per photo.


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Press the 'edit species ID' button to edit the species for the photo loaded in the main form.  You can only edit IDs for one photo at a time from this form.


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Use the filters on the right side of the form to limit the photos that appear on the left.  The values available in filter dropdown lists are updated based on the other filters selected.


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You need to login before you can ID photos.  If your name isn't in the list, type it in and press enter to add it.  DO NOT ID photos while logged in as someone else - it screws everything up.  Bad.


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This form will copy all the photos currently loaded in PhotoViewer based on your filter settings.  Only the image files will be copied, not the database records for the photos.


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This form will delete all the photos currently loaded in the PhotoViewer form based on your current filter settings.  You can delete the photo (jpg) files themselves, the records in the database, or both.


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If you choose to delete the records from the database and retain the image files, you won't be able to delete the files later through the database.


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This form will create a new results file based on the query you've built.  Select a format and specify a name and location for the new file.


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If there is already a file with the name you've specified it will be overwritten.


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Check the 'view output' box to open the file once it's created.


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Use this form to add records to the database for all the photos in a specific folder.  You must specify the visit associated with the photos before you can import them.


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Please be sure to select the correct visit for the photos you're importing.  This step is absolutely critical for the database to function properly.


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You can import photos directly from an SD card or from a folder on this computer, a server, or an external hard drive.


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Check the 'copy' box to copy the jpg files to a new location while they are added to the database.  If you choose to copy the photos, you also have the option to rename the new files.


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Use this form if you've moved photos to a different folder and the database can't display them.  You can only update one folder at a time, so if you've moved a folder with lots of subfolders containing photos it may take a while.


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Select a location at the top of the form and visits for that location will appear below.


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You can't add new visits directly through this form - use the "Add New Visit" link at the bottom of the list once you've selected the appropriate location.


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Use the options on the left to build an occupancy query for a particular species.  The results of your query appear in the preview pane to the right.  No results will display until a species has been selected.


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Use the Update button to refresh the results after you've changed anything.  The other buttons are only available when the results in the preview pane match your current settings.


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A relative start date is based on the date the camera was set.  You can specify the number of days after the camera was set to start the first occasion.  Absolute start uses the same date for all cameras, regardless of when they were set or pulled.


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Start time is required when using an absolute start date.  For relative start dates, you can specify a start time or leave it blank to use the time the camera was first active.


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The next box provides options for the number of occasions, the duration of each occasion in days or weeks, and the period to wait after one occasion before starting the next (buffer).


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You can filter the results by location, study area, or year.  Regardless of whether you set these filters, the coordinates, study area ID,  and year will be included in the query results.


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Use the 'Open Query' button to open the query results in a new tab.  The 'save' button allows you to save your current settings to a new query within the database so you can run it in the future.


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The export button allows you to create a new spreadsheet or MARK input file with your current query results.


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If you store photos on an external hard drive, the drive letter may change depending on the computer you're using and the other peripherals plugged in.


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Use this form to update the photos table when the letter for the drive containing your photos has changed.


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Click the 'Update drive letter' link if you store photos on an external hard drive and the drive letter is different now than when you imported them.


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Browse to the runtime database you want to import IDs from and click the 'import' button.  IDs will be added to the current database but the runtime file will be left unchanged.


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The species you selected for deletion in the species list is displayed in the "Species to delete" field.  Select the species that you want to merge it with in the "Species to keep" field.


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When you press merge, all of the detections with the species you're deleting will be switched to the species you select in "Species to keep."


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To exit without merging, press Cancel.  You will still have a chance to cancel the deletion if you've changed your mind.


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Select a report from the dropdown box at the top of the form.  Filtering options are only available for certain reports and will only show up in the form when they're available.


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All of these reports will look better printed in color but it's not absolutely necessary.  You can specify double-sided in the print dialog, but double check that you still have the correct orientation (landscape or portrait) if you choose to do so.


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The Short Name field is only used in the species dropdown box on the PhotoViewer and PhotoID forms.  By default the full common name is used, but if a particular name is too long to display correctly you can enter an abbreviated version as the Short Name.


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Before you can use the database, you must add at least one study area to the StudyAreas table.


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Study areas should represent distinct groups of camera locations (geographic regions, control vs. treatment, habitat strata, etc.) that you may want to summarize separately or compare later on.


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If your project doesn’t include distinct study areas, a single all-encompassing study area name will do.


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The default abbreviation for a study area is the full study area name, but you can change it to something shorter to make reports and forms in the database look better.


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Enter each camera location for your project on a separate line.


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Study area and name are required for each location - coordinates and access notes are optional.


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Click the delete button to remove a species from the list - if there are existing records for that species you can switch them to a remaining species ('merge' 2 species into one) or just get rid of them.


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Select a species, then add a detail associated with it (e.g. collared, juvenile).  You can also specify a shortcut to use on the Photo ID form.


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Use the 'Activity Analysis Zone' column to assign locations to custom groups.  Use whole numbers greater than zero to designate the different zones.


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If you leave the zone blank for a particular location, that location will be omitted from activity queries that use the custom zones option.


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Use the options on the left to build an activity pattern query.  The results of your query appear in the preview pane to the right.


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The quiet period specified is the required amount of time elapsed between included detections.  This applies to a given species at a given location.


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For example, if a quiet period of 30 minutes is specified and a grizzly bear is detected (photographed) at site #1 at 1:00AM, no subsequent photos of grizzly bears from site #1 will be included until at least 1:30AM.


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The default quiet period is 0 minutes, meaning all photos will be included in the results.  The preference in the literature seems to be 30 minutes between detections, but your data could require a longer or shorter quiet period.


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Under zone options, select 'Use study areas' to group locations into zones based on study area.  Select the custom zone option to assign your own zone for each location.


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The time field in your results can be calculated as decimal days ( = (hours*60+minutes)/1440) or radians ( = decimal days * 2pi).


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Location filters are relatively straightforward.  Date filters can be used in any combination and act independently.  In other words, you can specify a start date without an end or vice versa, and you can combine relative and absolute criteria.


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Note that one day is added to the end date (if specified) to include images taken on that date (cutoff = midnight the following day).  If you want to set a cutoff for an end date that includes a time, set the end date field to 24 hours before your cutoff.


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Check the boxes in the bottom section of the form to include additional fields in your results.  This can be helpful if you want to filter or modify your results further in Excel.


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This form depends on a temporary database created when the form is opened, and deleted when it is closed.  You may notice an extra copy of your database in the same folder with "AP" appended to the name.  It will be deleted when the form is closed.


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Click the "Edit" link to change visit data, delete a visit, add photos, adjust photo timestamps, or edit active dates.


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You can't delete this visit without dealing with the associated photos.  Choose one of the following options:


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Delete the records but keep the jpg files - this option makes sense if you no longer have another copy of your image files, or if you want to reimport the files later but don't need to change the filenames.


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Delete the records and jpg files -  if you renamed the photos with the wrong information when importing, you can use this option to delete the files and then re-import them to get the correct names.  MAKE SURE you have another copy of the files!


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Assign the photos to a different visit - if these photos actually belong to a different visit and there is nothing wrong with the filenames, use this option to transfer them to that visit.


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Note that either of the first two options will remove all ID information along with the photos.


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For a long series of photos with the same content, select the first photo on the left side and the last photo on the right.


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Enter the information that applies to all of the photos in the series at the bottom of the form and click apply.


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If you've already added an ID for the current photo in the Photo ID form, that data will be used to populate the bottom of this form, but you can change it if necessary.


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The detail you selected for deletion is displayed in the "Detail to delete" field.  Select the detail that you want to merge it with in the "Detail to keep" field.


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When you press merge, all of the detections with the detail you're deleting will be switched to the detail you select in "Detail to keep."


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Check the box to include a runtime database of you want to distribute these photos for ID.


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Detail shortcuts can be repeated as long as the species is different.


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By default, the active period for a particular visit is defined by the first and last photos taken for that visit.


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Dates that don't match the defaults are shown in red.  You can reset them by clicking 'Default' to the right of the record.


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See the database manual for a description of the situations when you might want to alter the active dates.


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Dates that don't match the defaults are shown in red.  You can copy and paste the first and last photo dates back into the fields to set them back to the defaults, or alter the dates as necessary.


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The individual you selected for deletion is displayed in the "Individual to delete" field.  Select the individual that you want to merge it with in the "Individual to keep" field.


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When you press merge, all of the detections with the individual you're deleting will be switched to the individual you select in "Individual to keep."


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Enter the species and name of each individual you expect to find in your photos.


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Click the delete button to remove an individual from the list - if there are existing records for that individual you can switch them to a remaining individual ('merge' 2 into one) or just get rid of them.


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Photos in the filmstrip on the left represent an independent detection event.  Each event is identified by the first photo in the series.


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Assign individuals and/or totals by category to each detection using the subforms at the bottom.  It doesn't matter which animals appear in which photos - the data entered pertains to the entire sequence.


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You can specify the current photo as a reference photo for a particular individual by clicking the link in the subform once an individual ID has been assigned.


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When all individuals and/or totals have been added click the next button in the navigation bar to move on to the next detection event.


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Use the filters at the top of the form to view only detections for a particular species, location, or field season.  You can also filter out events that have already had individual IDs or totals entered.


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Click the links at the bottom right to access either the Individuals list or the form for grouping photos into independent detection events.


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If more than one independent event is represented by the photos on the left, you can split the event into 2 separate detections.  First select the photo that marks the beginning of a new event, then press the 'Split' button.


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If the current event is not independent of the previous one you can delete it by pressing the 'Delete' button.  Photos for the current detection will be added to the previous one.


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If the current event should start with a different photo, use the 'Adjust Start Time' button to select a different image for the start of this detection.


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Select an individual in the 'Reference Photos' drop down to open a separate form with reference photos for that individual.


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Independent detections are a way of grouping series of photos into independent events.  Use this form to generate independent detections for a particular species based on the time interval between photos.


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Independent detections are represented by the first photo in the series.  All subsequent photos are considered part of the same event until a new independent detection is reached.


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Once you've automatically assigned detection events through this form you can edit them as needed through the Individual ID form.


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Independent detections are necessary for ID'ing individuals for SECR or other indivual based analyses.  They also allow you to add summary information for an entire sequence of photos, which can then be used to estimate density or relative abundance.


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Use this form to change which photo is considered the first one for a particular detection event.  Only photos after the previous event and before the next event are allowed.


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Use the options on the left to build a mark-recapture query for a particular species.  The results of your query appear in the preview pane to the right.  No results will display until a species has been selected.


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The next box provides options for the number of occasions and the duration of each occasion in days or weeks.  Since the results are based on independent events rather than individual photos there is no reason to create a buffer between occasions.


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You can filter the results by location, study area, or year.  Regardless of whether you set these filters, the coordinates, study area,  and date will be included in the query results.


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Use the 'Open Query' button to open the query results in a new tab.  The 'Save' button allows you to save your current settings to a new query within the database so you can run it in the future.


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The 'Export' button allows you to create a new spreadsheet or R input file with your current query results.  A separate file or sheet (if creating a spreadsheet) will contain the detector file necessary for SECR analysis.


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The next box provides options for populating the "SessionID" field in the input file.  You can create separate sessions based on study area or year, or you can group all detections into a single session.


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If "Require 2 Observers" is checked only detections flagged as verified will be considered when generating 1s and 0s for occasion fields.  If the box is unchecked then detections marked 'pending' will be included as well.


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Click the "Module" link to create a PhotoID module containing all the photos from a particular check or pull visit.


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Visits with data in red are not associated with a set visit - photos for these visits will be unavailable in the PhotoID and PhotoViewer forms until a valid set visit is added.


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Use this form to edit existing camera visits.  You can change the visit type, visit date, or comments, but once a visit is entered you can't change it to a different location.


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Click the "Load Photos" button to import photos for this visit.


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Clik the "Delete Visit" button to permanently delete a visit.  If there are photos associated with the visit a form will guide you through the options for dealing with them.


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Use this form to create new visit records for the selected location.  You can enter more than one visit at a time by clicking the "Next" button after the data for a visit has been entered.


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Set visits identify when the camera was first activated, and cannot be associated with photos.


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Check visits identify times when photos were collected but the camera remained active afterward.


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Pull visits indicate that the camera was removed or turned off when the photos were collected.


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When a new check or pull visit is entered the "Load Photos" button will appear.  Click it to import photos for the new visit directly through this form.


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Use the link above the coordinate headers to switch between UTM and Lat/Long fields - coordinates can be entered in either format.  You can convert between UTM and Lat/Long using the Advanced Database Tasks option on the Switchboard.


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You can assign species to groups (e.g. carnivores, cavity nesters) for occupancy analysis using the "Group" field.  Use the link at the bottom of the form to edit the list of available groups.


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This form creates a Photo ID module for the photos associated with a particular visit.  If the current visit has more than around 5000 photos consider using the PhotoViewer form to split the visit into 2 modules by date.


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Use this form to enter/edit which groups are available in the Species form.  Groups can be used to combine several species when performing occupancy analysis.


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For example, if you're interested in occupancy of cavity nesters you could enter "Cavity Nesters" here, then return to the Species form and assign the appropriate species to the Cavity Nesters group.


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Finally you would use the Occupancy Query Builder to create a query with ones and zeros representing presence/absence of any of those species.


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Select a data type then click Go to open a query builder form.


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Activity queries create a list of times when a particular species was detected so they can be graphed or analyzed with programs such as the r package Overlap.


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Detection summaries retrieve the data entered into the "Totals by Category" subform of the Individual ID form.  These can be useful for calculating relative abundance or even density.


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Occupancy queries create an encounter history for a given species for use in occupancy analysis in PRESENCE or MARK.


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Mark-recapture queries require you to identify individual animals in your photos, and can be used with MARK, DENSITY, or the r package SECR to calculate abundance or density.


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Spatial queries can be linked from ArcMap or exported to kml to map your camera locations or results.


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Use this form to adjust the timestamps of all photos associated with a particular visit.  Select the type of adjustment (add or subtract), the time interval, and the number, then click Go to update the records.


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The image files themselves won't be affected in any way by this adjustment - any timestamp included in the image won't be changed, nor will the file properties (date taken, last modified, etc.).


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The final two fields in the form show a preview of your adjustment so you can see the effect it will have on the first photo associated with this visit.


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Use the options on the left to build a detection summary query.  The results of your query appear in the preview pane to the right.


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Use the options on the left to build a spatial query.  The results of your query appear in the preview pane to the right.


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The export button allows you to save the query results as a .kml file for viewing in Google Earth (when using lat/long) or spreadsheet.


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If you entered location data in UTM but want to convert to Lat/Long (or the reverse) use the "Advanced Database Tasks" command on the Switchboard.


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Flat files are a way to export photo and sepcies ID information to a single spreadsheet or text file for further processing or analysis in other programs.


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Normal queries contain SpeciesID information in a single column, and will contain more than one row per photo in cases where multiple species are present in the same image.


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Pivoted queries contain a separate column for each species present and contain a single row per photo.


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You can choose whether to include both pending (only one observer) and verified (multiple observers) detections or only verified detections in your results.


# LicenseItems

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The terms “reproduce,” “reproduction,” “derivative works,” and “distribution” have the same meaning here as under U.S. copyright law.


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A “contribution” is the original software, or any additions or changes to the software.


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A “contributor” is any person that distributes its contribution under this license.


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“Licensed Patents” are a contributor’s patent claims that read directly on its contribution.


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Copyright Grant – Subject to the terms of this License, including the License Conditions and Limitations in §3 and General Provisions in §4, each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free copyright license to reproduce its contribution, prepare derivative works of its contribution, and distribute its contribution or any derivative works that you create.


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Patent Grant – Subject to the terms of this License, including the License Conditions and Limitations in §3 and General Provisions in §4, each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free license under its licensed patents to make, have made, use, sell, offer for sale, import, and/or otherwise dispose of its contribution in the software or derivative works of the contribution in the software.


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Reciprocal Grants – For any file you distribute that contains code from the software (in source code or binary format), you must provide recipients the source code to that file along with a copy of this License, which License will govern that file. You may license other files that are entirely your own work and do not contain code from the software under any terms you choose.


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No Trademark License – This License does not grant you rights to use any contributor’s name, logo or trademarks.


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If you bring a patent claim against any contributor over patents that you claim are infringed by the software, your patent license from such contributor to the software ends automatically.


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If you distribute any portion of the software, you must retain all copyright, patent, trademark and attribution notices that are present in the software.


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If you distribute any portion of the software in source code form, you may do so only under this License by including a complete copy of this License with your distribution. If you distribute any portion of the software in compiled or object code form, you may only do so under a license that complies with this License.


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The software is licensed “as-is”. You bear the risk of using it. The contributors give no express warranties, guarantees, or conditions. You may have additional consumer rights under your local laws which this License cannot change. To the extent permitted under your local laws, the contributors exclude the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement.


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Costs - Your use of the software is at your sole cost and expense, and contributors shall not be liable for paying any amounts therefore.


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Negative Depiction - You shall not use the software in a manner that negatively or unfavorably depicts, or otherwise defames, slanders, disparages, or casts aspersions on the original contributor (“Colorado Parks and Wildlife” or “CPW”) the public CPW serves, or the activities CPW manages and promotes.


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Offensive Publication - You shall not use or permit use of the software in any manner that is scurrilous, lewd, obscene, pornographic, or otherwise offensive to public morals and sensibilities.


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Indemnification - You shall defend, indemnify, save, and hold harmless CPW, its employees and agents, against any and all claims, damages, liability and court awards including costs, expenses, and attorney fees and related costs, incurred as a result of any of your acts or omissions, or your employees, agents, subcontractors, or assignees pursuant to the terms of this License; however, the provisions hereof shall not be construed or interpreted as a waiver, express or implied, of any of the immunities, rights, benefits, protection, or other provisions, of the Colorado Governmental Immunity Act, CRS §24-10-101 et seq., or the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. 2671 et seq., as applicable, as now or hereafter amended. All indemnification obligations shall survive termination, expiration, or revocation of this License.


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Jurisdiction and Venue - All suits or actions related to this License by or against CPW shall be filed and proceedings held in the State of Colorado and exclusive venue shall be in the City and County of Denver.


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Relationship - The relationship between the parties is that of licensor and licensee, and it is not the purpose or intention of this License or of the parties to create a partnership, joint venture, principalagent, or other relationship for any purpose whatsoever. Neither the licensor nor licensee is authorized to or has the power to obligate or bind the other party in any manner whatsoever except as may be expressly provided in this License.


# lkupMaintenanceTasks

TaskDescription:
Re-associates check and pull visits with set visits


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Analyzes IDs for matches and updates flags in Photos table


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Updates flags for remaining photos after canceling global update


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Restores all IDs that were deleted using the Compare IDs form


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Deletes all data related to sequences/individual ID for starting from scratch


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Populates Latitude and Longitude fields in CameraLocations table based on UTM fields


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Populates UTM fields in CameraLocations table based on Lat/Long fields


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Imports all data from an older version of the database


