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​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Wildlife Research ​​​​​​​​​Annual Reports

Wildlife Research Report​​​​s

Ly​nx

Baigas, P. E., J. R. Squires, L. E. Olson, J. S. Ivan, and E. K. Roberts. 2017. Using environmental features to model highway crossing behavior of Canada lynx in the Southern Rocky Mountains. Landscape and Urban Planning 157:200-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.06.007

Ivan, J. S., and T. M. Shenk. 2016. Winter diet and hunting success of Canada lynx in Colorado. The Journal of Wildlife Management 80:1049–1058. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21101

Buderman, F. E., M. B. Hooten, J. S. Ivan, and T. M. Shenk. 2016. A functional model for characterizing long distance movement behavior. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7:264–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041–210X.12465 

Trainor, A. M., O. J. Schmitz, J. S. Ivan, and T. M. Shenk. 2014. Enhancing species distribution modeling by characterizing predator–prey interactions. Ecological Applications 24:204–216. https://doi.org/10.1890/13–0336.1

Mountain Lion

Blecha, K. A., R. B. Boone, and M. W. Alldredge. 2018. Hunger mediates apex predator's risk avoidance response in wildland–urban interface. Journal of Animal Ecology 87:609–622. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12801​

Moss, W. E., M. W. Alldredge, and J. N. Pauli. 2016. Quantifying risk and resource use of a large carnivore in an expanding urban–wildland interface. Journal of Applied Ecology 53:371–378. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365–2664.12563

Moss, W. E., M. W. Alldredge, K. A. Logan, and J. N. Pauli. 2016. Human expansion precipitates niche expansion for an opportunistic apex predator (Puma concolor). Scientific Reports 6:39639. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39639

Blecha, K. A., and M. W. Alldredge. 2015. Improvements on GPS location cluster analysis for the prediction of large carnivore feeding activities: ground–truth detection probability and inclusion of activity sensor measures. PLoS ONE 10:e0138915. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138915 

Lee, J., S. N. Bevins, L. Serieys, W. Vickers, K. P. Logan, M. W. Alldredge, E. Boydston, L. Lyren, R. McBride, M. Roelke‐Parker, J. Pecon‐Slattery, J. Troyer, S. Riley, W. M. Boyce, K. Crooks, and S. VandeWoude. 2014. Evolution of puma lentivirus in bobcats (Lynx rufus) and mountain lions (Puma concolor) in North America. Journal of Virology 88:7727–7737. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00473–14 

Black Bear

Laufenberg, J. S., H. E. Johnson, P. F. Doherty, and S. W. Breck. 2018. Compounding effects of human development and a natural food shortage on a black bear population along a human development–wildland interface. Biological Conservation 224:188–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.05.004 

Johnson, H. E., D. L. Lewis, S. A. Lischka, and S. W. Breck. 2018. Assessing ecological and social outcomes of a bear‐proofing experiment. The Journal of Wildlife Management 82:1102–1114.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21472

Wilbur, R. C., S. A. Lischka, J. R. Young, and H. E. Johnson. 2018. Experience, attitudes, and demographic factors influence the probability of reporting human–black bear interactions. Wildlife Society Bulletin 42:22–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.854

Johnson, H. E., D. L. Lewis, T. L. Verzuh, C. F. Wallace, R. M. Much, L. K. Willmarth, and S. W. Breck. 2017. Human development and climate affect hibernation in a large carnivore with implications for human–carnivore conflicts. Journal of Applied Ecology 55:663–672. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365–2664.13021 ​

Kirby, R., M. W. Alldredge, and J. N. Pauli. 2017. Environmental, not individual, factors drive markers of biological aging in black bears. Evolutionary Ecology 31:571–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-017-9885-4

Kirby, R., M. W. Alldredge, and J. N. Pauli. 2016. The diet of black bears tracks the human footprint across a rapidly developing landscape. Biological Conservation 200:51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.012 

Wolfe, L. L., H. E. Johnson, M. C. Fisher, W. R. Lance, D. K. Smith, and M. W. Miller. 2016. Chemical immobilization in American black bears using a combination of nalbuphine, medetomidine, and azaperone. Ursus 27:1–4. https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS–D–15–00018.1

Alldredge, M.W., D.P. Walsh, L.L. Sweanor, R.B. Davies, and A. Trujillo. 2015. Evaluation of translocation of black bears involved in human–bear conflicts in South‐central Colorado. Wildlife Society Bulletin 39:334–340. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.526

Johnson, H. E., S. W. Breck, S. Baruch–Mordo, D. L. Lewis, C. W. Lackey, K. R. Wilson, J. Broderick, J. Mao, and J. P. Beckmann. 2015. Shifting perceptions of risk and reward: dynamic selection for human development by black bears in the western United States. Biological Conservation 187:164–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.04.014 

Wolfe, L. L., H. E. Johnson, M. C. Fisher, M. A. Sirochman, B. Kraft, and M. W. Miller. 2014. Use of acepromazine and medetomidine in combination for sedation and handling of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) and black bears (Ursus americanus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 50:979–981. https://doi.org/10.7589/2014–02–052 

Elk

Lukacs, P. M., M. S. Mitchell, M. Hebblewhite, B. K. Johnson, H. Johnson, M. Kauffman, K. M. Proffitt, P. Zager, J. Brodie, K. Hersey, and A. A. Holland. 2018. Factors influencing elk recruitment across ecotypes in the Western United States. The Journal of Wildlife Management 82:698–710. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21438

Johnson, H.E., J. W. Fischer, M. Hammond, P. D. Dorsey, C. Anderson, and K. C. VerCauteren. 2014. Evaluation of techniques to reduce deer and elk damage to agricultural crops. Wildlife Society Bulletin 38:358–365. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.408 

Brodie, J., H. Johnson, M. Mitchell, P. Zager, K. Proffitt, M. Hebblewhite, M. Kauffman, B. Johnson, J. Bissonette, C. Bishop, J. Gude, K. Hersey, M. Hurley, P. Lukacs, S. McCorquodale, E. McIntire, J. Nowak, D. Smith, and P. J. White. 2013. Relative influence of human harvest, carnivores, and weather on adult female elk survival across western North America. Journal of Applied Ecology 50:295–305. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365–2664.12044 

Moose

Nadeau, M. S., N. J. DeCesare, D. G. Brimeyer, E. J. Bergman, R. B. Harris, K. R. Hersey, K. K. Huebner, P. E. Mathews, and T. P. Thomas. 2017. Status and trends of moose populations and hunting opportunity in the western United States. Alces 53:99–112.

Mule Deer

Peterson, M.E., C. R. Anderson Jr., J. M. Northrup, and P. F. Doherty Jr. 2018. Mortality of mule deer fawns in a natural gas development area. The Journal of Wildlife Management 82:1135–1148. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21476

Bergman, E. J., C. R. Anderson, Jr., C. J. Bishop, A. A. Holland, and J. M. Northrup. 2017. Variation in ungulate body fat: individual versus temporal effects. The Journal of Wildlife Management 82:130–137. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21334

Northrup, J. M., C. R. Anderson, Jr., M. B. Hooten, and G. Wittemyer. 2016. Movement reveals scale dependence in habitat selection of a large ungulate. Ecological Applications 26:2746–2757. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1403

Northrup, J. M., C. R. Anderson, Jr., and G. Wittemyer. 2016. Environmental dynamics and anthropogenic development alter philopatry and space–use in a North American cervid. Diversity and Distributions 22:547–557. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12417

Johnson, H. E., J. R. Sushinsky, A. Holland, E. J. Bergman, T. Balzer, J. Garner and S. E. Reed. 2016. Increases in residential and energy development are associated with reductions in recruitment for a large ungulate. Global Change Biology 23:578–591. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13385

Bergman, E. J., P. F. Doherty Jr., G. C. White, and A. A. Holland. 2015. Density dependence in mule deer: a review. Wildlife Biology 21:18–29. https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00012

Bergman, E. J., P. F. Doherty Jr., G. C. White, and D. J. Freddy. 2015. Habitat and herbivore density: response of mule deer to habitat management. The Journal of Wildlife Management 79:60–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.801

Northrup, J. M., C. R. Anderson, Jr., and G. Wittemyer. 2015. Quantifying spatial habitat loss from hydrocarbon development through assessing habitat selection patterns of mule deer. Global Change Biology 21:3961–3970. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13037

Searle, K. R., M. B. Rice, C. R. Anderson, C. Bishop and N. T. Hobbs. 2015. Asynchronous vegetation phenology enhances winter body condition of a large mobile herbivore. Oecologia 179:377–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442–015–3348–9

Anderson, C. R., Jr., and C. J. Bishop. 2014. Migration patterns of adult female mule deer in response to energy development. Pages 46–50 in R. A. Coon and M. C. Dunfee, editors. Transactions of the 79th North American Wildlife & Natural Resources Conference. Wildlife Management Institute, Gardners, PA, USA.

Bergman, E. J., P. F. Doherty, Jr., C. J. Bishop, L. L. Wolfe, and B. A. Banulis. 2014. Herbivore body condition response in altered environments: mule deer and habitat management. PLoS ONE 9: e106374. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106374

Bergman, E. J., C. J. Bishop, D. J. Freddy, G. C. White and P. F. Doherty. 2014. Habitat management influences overwinter survival of mule deer fawns in Colorado. The Journal of Wildlife Management 78:448–455. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.683

Freeman, E. D., R. T. Larsen, M. E. Peterson, C. R. Anderson, Jr., K. R. Hersey, B. R. McMillan. 2014. Effects of male‐biased harvest on mule deer: implications for rates of pregnancy, synchrony, and timing of parturition. Wildlife Society Bulletin 38:806–811. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.450

Lendrum, P. E., C. R. Anderson, Jr., K. L. Monteith, J. A. Jenks, R. T. Bowyer. 2014. Relating the movement of a rapidly migrating ungulate to spatiotemporal patterns of forage quality. Mammalian Biology 79:369–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2014.05.005

Lynch, E., J. M. Northrup, M. F. McKenna, C. R. Anderson, Jr., L. Angeloni, and G. Wittemyer. 2014. Landscape and anthropogenic features influence the use of auditory vigilance by mule deer. Behavioral Ecology 26:75–82. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/aru158

Northrup, J. M., A. B. A. Shafer, C. R. Anderson, Jr., D. W. Coltman, and G. Wittemyer. 2014. Fine–scale genetic correlates to condition and migration in a wild cervid. Evolutionary Applications 7:937–948. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12189 

Northrup, J. M., C. R. Anderson, Jr., and G. Wittemyer. 2014. Effects of helicopter capture and handling on movement behavior of mule deer. The Journal of Wildlife Management 78:731–738. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.705

Lendrum, P. E., C. R. Anderson, Jr., R. A. Long, J. G. Kie, and R. T. Bowyer. 2012. Habitat selection by mule deer during migration: effects of landscape structure and natural–gas development. Ecosphere 3:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1890/ES12–00165.1

Other Publications:

Hooten, M. B., F. E. Buderman, B. M. Brost, E. M. Hanks, and J. S. Ivan. 2016. Hierarchical animal movement models for population–level inference. Environmetrics 27:322–333. https://doi.org/10.1002/env.2402 

Carver, S, S. N. Bevins, M. R. Lappin, E. E. Boydston, L. M. Lyren, M. Alldredge, K. A. Logan, L. L. Sweanor, S. P. D. Riley, L. E. K. Serieys, R. N. Fisher, T. W. Vickers, W. Boyce, R. McBride, M. C. Cunningham, M. Jennings, J. Lewis, T. Lunn, K. R. Crooks, S.VandeWoude. 2016. Pathogen exposure varies widely among sympatric populations of wild and domestic felids across the United States. Ecological Applications 26:367–381. https://doi.org/10.1890/15–0445

Ivan, J. S., and E. S. Newkirk. 2016. CPW Photo Warehouse: a custom database to facilitate archiving, identifying, summarizing, and managing photo data collected from camera traps. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7:499–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041–210X.12503

Hanks, E. M., M. B. Hooten, and M. Alldredge. 2015. Continuous–time discrete–space models for animal movement. Annals of Applied Statistics 9:145–165. https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aoas/1430226088 

Lewis, J. S., K. A. Logan, M. W. Alldredge, L. L. Bailey, S. VandeWoude, K. R. Crooks. 2015. The effects of urbanization on population density, occupancy, and detection probability of wild felids. Ecological Applications 25:1880–1895. https://doi.org/10.1890/14–1664.1 

Gerber, B. D., J. S. Ivan, and K. P. Burnham. 2014. Estimating the abundance of rare and elusive carnivores from photographic–sampling data when the population size is very small. Population Ecology 56:463–470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144–014–0431–8

Hooten, M. B., E. M. Hanks, D. S. Johnson, and M. W. Alldredge. 2014. Temporal variation and scale in movement‐based resource selection functions. Statistical Methodology 17:82‐98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stamet.2012.12.001 

Ivan, J. S., G. C. White, and T. M. Shenk. 2014. Density and demography of snowshoe hares in central Colorado. The Journal of Wildlife Management 78:580–594. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.695

Ellis, M. M., J. S. Ivan, and M. K. Schwartz. 2014. Spatially explicit power analyses for occupancy‐based monitoring of wolverine in the U.S. Rocky Mountains. Conservation Biology 28:52–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12139 

Mills. L. S., and H. E. Johnson. 2013. Wildlife Population Dynamics. Pages 84‐109 in Wildlife management and conservation: contemporary principles and practices. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Hooten, M. B., E. M. Hanks, D. S. Johnson, and M. W. Alldredge. 2013. Reconciling resource utilization and resource selection functions. Journal of Animal Ecology 82:1146‐1154. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365–2656.12080

Northrup, J. M., M. B. Hooten, C. R. Anderson, Jr., and G. Wittemyer. 2013. Practical guidance on characterizing availability in resource selection functions under a use–availability design. Ecology 94:1456‐1463. https://doi.org/10.1890/12–1688.1